World Population & National Economies

Key facts on global population and the economies of countries and regions.

World Population

The global population reached nearly 8.2 billion (UN World Population Prospects; latest data 2024–2025). The UN projects the world population will grow by about 2 billion over the next 60 years, peaking at around 10.3 billion in the mid-2080s, then declining to about 10.2 billion—roughly 700 million lower than projections made a decade ago. More than half of all countries now have fertility below the replacement level (2.1 live births per woman); population has already peaked in 63 countries and areas.

Largest Countries by Population (2025 – latest available data)

India (~1.44 billion) and China (~1.41 billion) are the two most populous. Next: United States (~342 million), Indonesia (~280 million), Pakistan (~242 million), Nigeria (~231 million), Brazil (~217 million), Bangladesh (~175 million), Russia (~143 million), Mexico (~131 million), Ethiopia (~129 million). Africa is expected to contribute most of the world’s population growth in the coming decades. Country figures are from the latest UN and World Bank releases (reference 2024/2025).

National Economies

Gross domestic product (GDP) in current US dollars measures the size of a country’s economy. According to World Bank and IMF data (2024–2025, latest available), the top 10 economies by nominal GDP are: United States (~$29.3 trillion), China (~$18.75 trillion), Germany (~$4.68 trillion), Japan (~$4.02 trillion), India (~$3.91 trillion), United Kingdom (~$3.64 trillion), France (~$3.16 trillion), Italy (~$2.37 trillion), Canada (~$2.24 trillion), Brazil (~$2.18 trillion). Next: Russia (~$2.17 trillion), South Korea (~$1.88 trillion), Mexico (~$1.86 trillion), Australia (~$1.8 trillion), Spain (~$1.73 trillion), Indonesia (~$1.4 trillion), Turkey (~$1.36 trillion), Saudi Arabia (~$1.24 trillion), Netherlands (~$1.21 trillion), Switzerland (~$938 billion).

Economic Growth and Income Levels

Growth rates differ widely by country and year. Emerging and developing economies often grow faster than advanced economies but are more exposed to shocks. The World Bank classifies countries by GNI per capita into low, lower-middle, upper-middle, and high income. High-income countries hold a large share of global GDP; many people in low- and middle-income countries still live on very little—GDP per capita ranges from under $1,000 in some countries to over $100,000 in others.

Key Indicators

Economists and policymakers use indicators such as GDP per capita, unemployment, inflation, trade balance, and public debt. These help compare countries and track progress over time. Data sources include the World Bank, IMF, national statistical offices, and the UN.

Data and Updates

Population figures are from UN World Population Prospects; GDP and government finance from the World Bank and IMF. We use the latest published data (reference year 2024/2025) and update this platform every six months. For detailed country data—population in millions, GDP, budget (revenue, expenditure, deficit or surplus), and how rich the country is (GDP per capita)—see Countries and click any country.